![]() Munier Salem1, Gurtina Besla2, Greg Bryan1, Mary Putman1, Roeland P. RAM PRESSURE STRIPPING OF THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD’S DISK AS A PROBE OF THE MILKY Once this high pressure plasma gains entry to the meteoroid's interior it exerts tremendous force on the body's internal structure This occurs because the superheated air now exerts its force over a much larger surface area, as when the wind suddenly fills a sail.The Astrophysical Journal, 815:77 (30pp), 2015 December 10 This occurs when fine tendrils of superheated air force their way into cracks and faults in the leading face's surface. In essence, the meteoroid is ripped apart by its own speed. Rather, at a critical moment in its atmospheric entry the enormous ram pressure experienced by the leading face of the meteoroid converts the body's immense momentum into a force blowing it apart over a nearly instantaneous span of time. Large meteoroids do not explode in the sense of chemical or nuclear explosives. This confusion is exacerbated by the tendency for airburst energies to be expressed in terms of nuclear weapon yields, as when the Tunguska airburst is given a rating in megatons of TNT. The use of the term explosion is somewhat loose in this context, and can be confusing. Larger or more solid meteorites may explode instead in a meteor airburst. Ram pressure and the very high temperatures it causes are the reasons few meteors make it all the way to the ground and most simply burn up or are ablated into tiny fragments. This is not due to friction, rather it is simply a consequence of many molecules and atoms being made to occupy a smaller space than formerly. As the air in front of the meteoroid is compressed its temperature quickly rises. The meteoroid then experiences what is known as ram pressure. Despite moving through the rarified upper reaches of Earth's atmosphere the immense speed at which a meteor travels nevertheless rapidly compresses the air in its path, creating a shock wave. Meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere from outer space traveling at hypersonic speeds of at least 11 km/s (7 mi/s) and often much faster. Ram pressure and atmospheric entry/re-entry In meteoroids This is an attractive mechanism to explain not only the presence of isolated dwarf galaxies away from galaxy clusters with particularly low hydrogen abundance to stellar mass ratio, but also the compression of gas in the centre of a dwarf galaxy and the subsequent reignition of star formation. Although the typical overdensity within the cosmic web is significantly lower than that found in the environment of galaxy clusters, the high relative speed between a dwarf and the cosmic web renders ram pressure efficient. More recently, it has been shown that ram pressure can also lead to the removal of gas in isolated dwarf galaxies that plunge through the cosmic web (the so-called cosmic web stripping process). Increased Hα emission, a sign of star formation, corresponds to the compressed CO region, suggesting that star formation may be accelerated, at least temporarily, while ram pressure stripping of neutral hydrogen is ongoing. Recent radio observation of carbon monoxide (CO) emission from three galaxies ( NGC 4330, NGC 4402, and NGC 4522) in the Virgo cluster point to the molecular gas not being stripped but instead being compressed by the ram pressure. Spiral galaxies that have fallen at least to the core of both the Virgo and Coma clusters have had their gas (neutral hydrogen) depleted in this way and simulations suggest that this process can happen relatively quickly, with 100% depletion occurring in 100 million years to a more gradual few billion years. As galaxies fall toward the center of a cluster, more and more of their gas is stripped out, including the cool, denser gas that is the source of continued star formation. Ram pressure stripping is thought to have profound effects on the evolution of galaxies. These ram pressure stripped galaxies will often have a large trailing tail and because of this they are commonly called "Jellyfish galaxies." Evidence of this ram pressure stripping can be seen in the image of NGC 4402. This pressure can strip gas out of the galaxy where, essentially, the gas is gravitationally bound to the galaxy less strongly than the force from the intracluster medium 'wind' due to the ram pressure. P ram = ρ u i u j the speed of the galaxy relative to the medium. It causes a drag force to be exerted on the body. Ram pressure is a pressure exerted on a body moving through a fluid medium, caused by relative bulk motion of the fluid rather than random thermal motion. Note the dust (brown) trailing behind (toward upper right) the galaxy, versus the dust-free (blue-white) leading edge. Ram pressure stripping in NGC 4402 as it falls towards the Virgo Supercluster (off image, toward bottom left). ![]()
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![]() “His shooting schedule was tough that day,” Brass wrote, wryly. Brass, interviewed Rod while he was filming in “the drawing room of the Australian High Commissioner to London.” She described Rod as “standing against an elegant background of antiques, objets d’art and valuable oil paintings which furnish the Jacobean mansion in Beaconsfield where ‘Nobody Runs Forever’ is being filmed.” It was one of the rare times in his career that Rod, an Aussie, actually played an Australian.Ī London-based contributor to the Los Angeles Times, Sally K. In “The High Commissioner,” Rod plays an Australian detective on a major assignment in London. The latter had to arrange special time slots and distribution of the film for all the stations - Sydney, Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Canberrra.ĭirector Ralph Thomas actress Camilla Sparv and Rod Taylor, in his Aussie shearing jacket. #The journey back time machine sequel tv#Thus, it was quite an achievement to get a film clip for the December 1967 TV broadcast.Ĭoordinating the message and the film clip took six weeks of organization between Sydney and London, involving British Empire Films, Pinewood Studios, the Rank Organisation’s overseas publicity department, and Channel 7 executives. “The High Commssioner” (known as “Nobody Runs Forever” in the U.K.) was not scheduled to wrap shooting until the end of January 1968 and wouldn’t be released until later in 1968. Millions of people saw Rod’s Christmas greeting and also were treated to a scene from the movie. 4, 1968, issue, stating that it was “the first time that a film distribution company and an Australian television network had combined to present a Christmas message from an international film star whilst his current film was still in production.”Īustralia’s Channel 7 network scheduled the message in peak viewing times in all the major city stations across the continent on Christmas evening. “It was a notable occasion,” declared the Australiasian Exhibitor in its Jan. The setting was a frosty one, as England saw an unusually snowy winter in 1967-68. Rod recorded the Christmas message on the grounds of the Hall Barn estate, a grand old ancestral home in Beaconsfied, Buckinghamshire, about 20 miles northwest of London. Rod Taylor, at far right, recording special messages for Australia. The Christmas Day broadcast also delivered a sneak peek at Rod’s next movie, “ The High Commissioner” (1968), one of many special promotional efforts for the film in which Rod Taylor plays an Australian detective on an important assignment in London. A special message from Rod Taylor and an unusually heavy snowfall in Britain brought a glimpse of a white Christmas to summertime Australia in 1967. ![]() ![]() We're neither, we're opportunistic omnivores, with each of our many diet options having its own set of pros and cons. Which is a completely different question! We're no longer talking about survival and flourishing of the species, but of the individual, which is subtly different and can lead to vastly different trade-offs to consider.Īnd we're not finished yet: when thinking of meat-eating or using terms like "apex predator" people tend to think in terms of hyper-carnivores (that is, species who cannot survive without meat) or herbivores. Similarly, when the average person thinks of what is the "best" diet for humans they tend think of what is healthiest for them. The context of early humans trying to survive or even flourish during an ice age is very different from our modern one, where we should be more worried about climate change and sustainability when we're talking about the survival of our species. It's not as much about the survival of the individual. "Better" in evolutionary terms is always contextual, and in relation to the survival of the species, or the genes of the individual, or something similar. We are physiologically and anatomically primed to do so.Įating animals can provide a good source of otherwise difficult to get nutrients, and when the alternative is dying from starvation that is obviously an advantage evolutionary speaking, but we have to be cautious in how we frame this. And synthesizers.Īll of this is made possible by the human neocortex. And that's kind of the point: Not only are we the Apex predator of all apex predators, but we are also scavengers. Sure, we are also well adapted to eat all sorts of other substances. We are physiologically and anatomically primed to do so. The only thing stopping us from annihilating every other animal on earth, be they predator or prey, is us. Homo sapiens is the most terrifying, most dominant predator to have ever walked the earth. We don't run terribly fast, yet we achieve land speeds that are, quite simply, unprecedented. Guess what? A former colleague of mine spends months at a time living quite comfortably in Antarctica. A lone human, bereft of technology, isn't particularly suited for cold weather. We aren't the best of swimmers, yet we traverse the waves more rapidly than any other organism on the planet. Those are our teeth and claws.Ī single, solitary human, naked and bereft of technology, is not terribly impressive. Or we fire them through a cylinder using an explosive propellant. Instead, we construct fake teeth and attach them to the ends of sticks to make spears and arrows. Sure, we don't have big sharp teeth in our mouths. Humans considered to be apex predators but we don’t have natural weapons like claws or sharp teeth or the things you expect predators to have, i’m not sure are we suppose to eat meat?! ![]() ![]()
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Heck, the very survival of humanity in the Sirius Sector depends on your ability to survive those first couple of missions! I know you're going to man up and meet the challenge! The safest thing to do would be to give up and go play a Sid Meier's game. yeah, you're pretty much toast (*heavy sigh*). Oh, but then your buddy, King, drags you into a couple of knife fights against superior numbers of well-armed and well-trained enemies. Yes, about the only thing you CAN do in the Starflier is run away. so you're still in the Starflier that Juni gave you? That is perhaps the most vulnerable time of the game because you have weak shields, thin armor, and she gives you those wimpy Liberty lasers to start. Do you ever find yourself needing to fire up cruise and get away from the enemy until your shields return, and then go back to continue combat and repeating this cycle as necessary? I never had to do that in my vanilla playthrough, I'm just wondering if that's going to become necessary with crossfire. But the enemy ships are tearing through me with ease and I can't tell if it's because I'm being too aggressive.let me ask it like this. My ship is absolutely worthless at the moment and I'm getting creamed, but I can't run or the guy we have to protect will get killed and I have to go back to last save. My query is more about the situations where I don't have the luxury of running. I realize I should run when I'm getting my ass kicked, along with the factors you mentioned. Lastly, on the fight/flight thing, it's not a question of knowing when to run or fight. #The best freelancer mods installI think you warned me about this once already, but how do I implement these mods? Install the folders over vanilla? It doesn't, however, have the flmm extension, it's rather just a collection of folders and files. 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